Prior to that, it was inhabited by several Native American tribes, mostly the Algonquian peoples and, to a lesser degree, Iroquoians and Siouans. Maryland's coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century. The western portion of the state contains numerous stretches of the Appalachian Mountains, the central portion is primarily composed of the Piedmont, and the eastern side of the state makes up a significant portion of Chesapeake Bay. It is named after Henrietta Maria, the French-born queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland during the 17th century. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. Maryland's most populous city is Baltimore, and the capital is Annapolis. With a total land area of 12,407 square miles (32,130 km 2), Maryland is the ninth-smallest state by land area, and its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the 18th-most populous state and the fifth-most densely populated. To its east, it borders Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean. To its south and west, the state borders Virginia and West Virginia and the national capital of Washington, D.C. ![]() Maryland ( US: / ˈ m ɛr ɪ l ə n d/ ⓘ MERR-il-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
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